By R. Garry Shirts
What is “Where Do You Draw the Line?”
Where Do You Draw the Line? is a 50 minute, real time, face to face, structured experience. Participants are formed in groups and analyze a series of ethical situations. These are structured in a way to reveal the assumptions that each group uses to make ethical judgments. The set of situations is modular. The first module requires approximately 20 minutes, subsequent modules require approximately 10 minutes. All modules may be completed in one 50 minute session or in a series of sessions depending on your needs.
Design challenges of creating an effective ethics game.
When talking about ethical issues there's a tendency to view the problems and issues from the point of view of the ideal self. Consequently, the discussions quickly evolve into nice-nice talk in which the participants say “tsk tsk” and “ain't it awful the way others behave?” The challenge in designing this exercise was to create a situation in which a more realistic and honest discussion would take place- one which was more like what the real self would do. To accomplish this task, we don't ask the participants what they would do, but what business people, and the “man in the street” would do in a situation. This degree of distance encourages them to be more objective and more honest. And then once they've given these responses, the question becomes; to what extent does this apply to me as well? Most often this approach engenders a much more honest discussion than if we were to start out asking them directly what they think is ethical behavior for themselves.
What happens in Where Do You Draw the Line?
After being divided into groups, participants make judgments about the acceptability of the behavior of individuals, corporations and organizations as described in a series of vignettes. They then use their decisions as the basis for developing an ethical system. Some of the issues which are raised during the first phase include: What is the difference between a gratuity and a bribe? Is it the amount of money involved? Motivation? The effect on others? Is it acceptable to break a law if one's actions make no practical difference? Is it more acceptable to “steal” from a stranger than a friend? From a rich person than a poor person? From a corporation than an individual?
In the second phase, the decisions of all the groups are summarized and displayed so all can see. At this time each group discovers that their vignette is slightly different fromm the vignettes used by the other groups. For example, Group B may be trying to decide whether it is acceptable to eat $10 worth of food while working as a clerk, while group C may be deciding whether it is acceptable to use an employer's telephone to make an unauthorized long distance call worth $10, and yet another group, if it is acceptable for an employer to not correct a $10 error in their favor when paying an employee.
Who is it for?
Any course or training program concerned with ethics or values.
What is the unique feature of Where Do You Draw the Line?
Getting people to think and talk about ethics is not an easy task for most people. Consequently, people who are concerned about ethics often end up talking or lecturing to students who may or may not be interested. In other words, the lecturer does all the work.
With “Where Do You Draw the Line?” the participants often start out being blasé, but by the end of the experience they are eager to talk and share ideas. They do the thinking and the talking, not the teacher.
What does it teach?
- That there is a discrepancy between the ethical system which most people subscribe to and the ethical system which they actually use.
- That the ethical system which they actually use is based on a number of assumptions which are rarely made explicit or examined.
- That some of the assumptions which many people often use to guide them as they make ethical decisions are:
a. It's OK to cheat just a little.
b. It's OK to cheat a large, rich or powerful organization.
c. It's OK to cheat if everyone else is cheating.
d. It's OK to cheat if you do not know the person who will be hurt.
e. It's OK to cheat if no one will find out about it.
f. It's OK to cheat if no one will be hurt.
g. Small bribes are OK.
h. It's not a bribe if you are not explicit about what the person being bribed is supposed to do.
i. It's not a bribe if everyone does it.
j. It's not a bribe if it is out in the open
k. It's OK to cheat on one's income tax if one is poor, needs the money or won't get caught.
- That whenever large numbers of people act on such assumptions, there are costs to society.
- That it is important to understand the unstated assumptions of an ethical system as well as the stated ones when one is making decisions about ethical matters.
- That most people believe they are morally superior to people in business and the general public.
How long does it take?
Where Do You Draw the Line? can easily be played in one fifty-minute session.
How many participants does Where Do You Draw the Line? accommodate?
A group of 5 – 35 people can be accommodated by the kit.
How much preparation is required?
Five to fifteen minutes is all that is required, depending on one's experience with education simulations.
Are any consumable forms or special equipment needed?
No consumable forms are required. An overhead projector is desirable. However, if you do not have an overhead projector, the information can be written on a chalkboard, whiteboard or flip charts.
